Install the internal hard drive or plug in the USB external hard drive. Use lsusb to show your external hard drive. Use fdisk to identify the new hard drives:

$ sudo fdisk -l | sd*

Start fdisk:

$ sudo fdisk /dev/sde

List partitions and delete existing partition and create new partition:

p (to list partitions)
d (to delete existing partition)
1 (which partition to delete)
n (new partition)
1 (new partition number)
default (start of partition)
default (end of partition)
y (to remove signature)
w (to write changes)

Next, make the file system:

$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sde1

Hard Drive Larger than 2TBpar

parted /dev/sde
mklabel gpt
mkpart primary 0TB 12TB

$sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sde1

Copy Files from Old Hard Drive with Rsync

rsync -a /media/storage/ /media/hdd3

Start with Digital Ocean tutorial.

Setting up a local Ubuntu repository can be used to save internet bandwidth and to do updates with minimal or no internet connection. My starting point is a tutorial by LinuxConfig.

$ sudo apt install apache2
$ sudo systemctl enable apache2

$ sudo mkdir -p /var/html/mirror
$ sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/html/mirror

$ sudo apt install apt-mirror

Edit /etc/apt/mirror.list. Change base_path to the mirror directory. Change the ubuntu release name to match the release you are using. Comment out the source archives to reduce the size of the repository.

$ sudo cp /var/spool/apt-mirror/var/postrmirror.sh /var/mirror/var

$ sudo apt-mirror

$ sudo crontab -e

add the following line to update nightly at 2:30 PM:

30 02 * * * /usr/bin/apt-mirror

Configure Clients to use Local Repository

Edit /etc/apt/sources.list and comment any line referring to repositories not mirrored in your server